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USB 2. 0 cables and connectors will work with USB 1. Not all USB 1. 1 cables may work with USB 2. Is there a difference between Hi Speed USB and USB 2. Which is the correct nomenclatureThere is a difference between the terms Hi Speed USB and USB 2. The difference is that USB 2. Hi Speed USB refers to just the 4. Mbps portion of the USB 2. A device can still be USB 2. How fast an USB device can communicate with a computer using USB USB 2. MbS,1. 2MbS, and 4. MbS speeds which are known as Low Speed, Full Speed, and High Speed respectively. What is a USB Host The Host is the root of the USB tiered star network. It controls the bus and communication is initiated by USB Host. Basic Principles Of American Government Edition Rev'>Basic Principles Of American Government Edition Rev. The USB protocol mandates a single Host in any USB system. I have heard the terms USB Device, peripheral, and Function. What are the differences and what is the correct usage of termsThe definition found in the USB specification for device notes the ambiguity in the word. The specification details that a USB device is either a hub or a function. When using the term USB Device should be used in place of device to help reduce the ambiguity. Even with the clarification of USB Device, some publications use the term USB Device when they are referring to any USB enabled device. Because of this inconsistency of term usage, peripheral may be a less ambiguous wording option. The USB specification does not define the term peripheral in its definitions list but uses it throughout the specification interchangeably for USB device. The USB certification checklists for USB devices are also called the peripheral checklists. The definition for Function in the USB specification says that a function is a USB device that provides some type of capability to the host. How many devices can be connected to one hostEach host controller can support up to 1. A host may contain multiple host controllers. The presence of root hubs andor compound devices may change, based on their implementation, the total available physical devices. Hubs also count as a device on the bus so each hub will also reduce the number of available USB deviceperipheral slots. Who owns and controls the USB specificationThe USB implementers forum also known as USB IF. Their official website is http www. USB for free. How is data transferred in USB protocolUSB Specification defines four different types of data transfers mechanisms. Control Transfer. The USB Host sends commands query to USB device using Control transfer. The Control transfer uses End point 0EP0 while USB device is being enumerated and thus it is mandatory to support EP0 by all USB device irrespective of supported speed. Handic 0050 Scanner Manual. The maximum size for a Control packet is 8, 1. The packet length of Control transfer in Low speed USB device must be 8. Bytes, for Full speed USB device must be 6. Bytes and for High speed USB device allows 8, 1. Bytes. Interrupt Transfer. Interrupt transfers are a method for a USB device to request a certain polling rate from the USB host. The polling time is requested to USB Host by USB device during enumeration process. The maximum polling rate for a full speed device is once per millisecond and once per every 1. The maximum data payload size for Low speed USB device is 8. Bytes, for Full speed USB device is 6. Bytes. This results in a maximum throughput of 6. KBSec and 8. 00. BSec is for Low speed USB device. Interrupt transfers are acknowledged so they guarantee the delivery. If a packet fails to arrive it is retried. Bulk Transfer. Bulk transfers are a way for devices to transfers large amounts of data but as a consequence do not guarantee timely delivery. Bulk transfers have the lowest priority when it comes to scheduling on the bus. After all other transfers are complete the reset of the remaining bandwidth is given to bulk transfers. Just like interrupt transfers, bulk transfers are acknowledged to guarantee their delivery. Bulk transfers are only supported by Full speed and High speed devices. For Full speed USB device endpoints, the maximum packet size can either be 8, 1. For High speed USB device endpoints, the maximum packet size can be up to 5. Isochronous Transfer. It provides guarantee of transfer rate. A Full speed isochronous transaction can send 1. Isochronous transfers are not acknowledged. It is possible that isochronous packets will not arrive. A typical application for isochronous transfers is audiovideo streaming where it is more important to keep the video and audio up to date at the expense of dropping packets. The maximum transfer rate can be 1. KBSec for Full speed USB device. What is a token packet USB protocol defines four types of packets. Start of Frame. Token. Data. Handshake. There are three different types of Token packets. IN Informs the USB device that the host wants to read information. OUT Informs the USB device that the host wants to send the information. Setup Used to indicate to the device that a control transfer is about to occur. How does USB protocol detect an error in communication USB protocol detects error using CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check. This is done by the SIE Serial Interface Engine, thus eliminating the need of CRC check in software and reduces the software overhead. For token packet CRC is 5 bit data packet CRC is 1. What happens if the SIE receives data that is corrupted The SIE discards the corrupt packet if the packet fails the CRC checks. No software intervention is required. An error flag is set indicating that a corrupted packet was received. The SIE will not ACK packets that have incorrect CRC values. For interrupt, bulk, and control transfers the host will try to retransmit the packet if it fails to receive the ACK. In this way these transmissions will not have data loss due to a corrupted packet but may suffer from lower application bandwidth. What is difference between transfer transaction in USB protocolTransfers are groups of transactions and transactions are groups of packets. What is the largest data packet that I can send It depends on type of transferred used. Interrupt Bulk transfers have a maximum payload size of 6. USB devices. Isochronous transfers can send up to 1. USB devices. What is Enumeration process It is the process by which USB host learns about a USB device that has just been connected to the bus. Before the application is able to start running, the host queries the device for various information to determine what type of device it is, what device driver it needs to load for the device, what power requirements the device has, etc. During the enumeration process the USB host also assigns an address to the connected device. After the address is set the USB host will communicate to the device at that address from that point forward. On of the final tasks of the enumeration process is to set the device into a specific operational configuration. A detailed enumeration process is given in section 9. USB specification. How does USB host identify speed of USB device The USB host has weak pull down resistors on both of the communication lines D and D. A device will pull up D with a stronger pull up resistor if it wishes to run in full speed. If a device wishes to run in low speed then D is pulled up instead. Peer Reviewed Journal. Abstract Nanoparticles synthesis by biological. 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